Argumentative Essay On Smoking Marijuana - 1001 Words

A couple of weeks ago my aunt and I had a discussion. The discussion was about a tv character smoking marijuana, and I went on talking about the benefits and how it is a natural plant and not a natural plant mixed with many other things. There have been a very few negative issues with marijuana versus cigarettes which has been linked to deaths, illness, and addiction just to name a few things. It seems like marijuana would be the cure to the cancer and a few other illnesses that cigarettes can cause, the smoke from the marijuana plant does not cause as many issues as cigarette secondhand smoke, marijuana and cigarettes both have certain stigmas attached to them. To begin, marijuana contains a compound called Cannabidiol or (CBD) for†¦show more content†¦Secondhand smoke from a cigarette can have very dangerous longterm effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer have classified secondhand smoke as â€Å"a known human carcinogen or a cancer-causing agent,† about seven thousand and three hundred lung cancer deaths were a result of secondhand cigarette smoke. The U.S. Surgeon General estimates that living with a smoker increases a nonsmoker’s chances of developing lung cancer by 20 to 30 percent. (Differences Between Smoking Cigarettes Marijuana) Differences Between Smoking Cigarettes Marijuana states that â€Å"secondhand smoke from cigarettes do in fact causes disease and premature death in nonsmoking adults and children. Exposure to secondhand smoke may increase the risk of heart disease by an estimated 25 to 30 percent. In the United States, exposure to secondhand smoke is thought to cause about 34,000 deaths from heart disease each year. Exposure to secondhand smoke also increases the risk of stroke by 20 to 30 percent. Pregnant women exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk of having a baby with low birth weight. Also, infants that have been exposed to secondhand smoke have a greater risk of SIDS (sudden infant death sy ndrome), asthma, and being around smoke slows the growth of children lungs and can cause many respiratory issues†. There are very few studiesShow MoreRelatedArgumentive Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay Legalization of Marijuana Ashley Bassett Eng. 1301 Instructor: Pam Hesser pg.1 The recreational use of Marijuana should be legalized. According to the New York Times The social costs of the marijuana laws are vast. There were 658,000 arrests for marijuana possession in 2012, according to F.B.I. Figures compared with 256,000 for cocaine, heroin and their derivatives. Even worse, the result is racist, falling disproportionately on youngRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized For The Best Of Society?1742 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is one of the most controversial discussions to consider in various countries due to the numerous debates between citizens to legalize or criminalize the drug for the best of society. In countries such as Colombia, Netherlands, and various states in United States (Colorado, Washington, and Oregon), marijuana is legalized for recreational and medical purposes, which is obtainable to all citizens. However, in countries such as Canada, marijuana remains illegal for recreational use, whichRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal960 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesA college student walking down the street on a pitch black night, has a brief encounter with a cop while smoking a joint for his post-traumatic stress disorder, and unfortunately gets arrested, even though marijuana seems to be his only temporary cure. I believe marijuana has many medical benefits, and certain people need it to live a normal, productive life. Opponents of legalizing it have argued that doing so would do more harm than good, however they turn a blind eye to scientific studies provingRead MoreAppeal To Pathos : Appeal To Pathos In The Play Don929 Words   |  4 Pagesinitial point), is a logical fallacy in which the writer or speaker assumes the statement under examination to be true. Ex. 1: â€Å"Smoking causes lung cancer because cigarettes contain nicotine that is very deadly.† Ex. 2: â€Å"Diamonds are formed in a carbon molecule pattern that results in a translucent beautiful rock. Which is why they are so expensive to buy.† Ex. 3: â€Å"Marijuana is illegal in certain states in the U.S. and yet we use it for medical purposes.† Use: Begging the question allows the authorRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesown conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. Lets examine that last remark. A conclusion backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called an argument, even when the reasoner is not being argumentative or disagreeable. The word â€Å"argument† is a technical term we will be using frequently in this course. Being logical means, among other things, that you should give an argument to support your conclusion if you expect other people to accept itRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesenvironment. Like procedures, rules and regulations guide action, but they specify no time sequence. Similar to decisions, rules are guides, but they allow no discretion or initiative in their application. Examples of rules might be the prohibition of smoking in the library or information center or the fact that materials in the reference collection do not circulate. Regulations also establish a course of action that is authoritative, with failure to adhere to regulations eliciting discipline. decision

Putting Elderly Parents in Anursing Home - 1148 Words

Putting elderly parents in a nursing home verses keeping them at home. Theresa Burroughs Composition I – 6 Instructor: Elaine Childs January 1, 2010 There will almost absolutely come a day when your parents will need you. When this time comes, they will probably not admit that they need you or anyone else for that matter, but in reality, they will definitely need someone. If you look back to your childhood it’s quite similar to those days they had to care for you. They took care of your every need from bathing, feeding and dressing you appropriately. Those days you may not remember as well as they do but they happened. The days that they were responsible for you, unfortunately now they need the same care that they provided†¦show more content†¦Meals and transportation are also available to help retain independence. Home delivered meal programs can help ensure a proper diet for them. Adult day care and hospice are also options to help retain your elderly parent at home. Respite care is also available to you. They will send a trained person to care for your loved one so that you can run errands or take a vaca tion and have the break you may need [ (new york Life , October) ].So with many options to help retain your loved one at home it’s easy to see the benefits of keeping them at home as long as possible once you have assessed the cost to do so. The daily average cost of keeping a loved one at home with a paid caregiver is an average of $96.00 dollars a day and an average of $34,560 dollars a year [ (Kobrin, 2009) ]. Compared to a nursing home this is by far the cheaper option. But still with adding in the other options listed above this can be even cheaper if you do your research for your local area. By being head smart you can keep your elderly parent at home without watching everything they’ve worked for go down the drain. In ending choosing to keep your elderly parent at home is more than the right choice. In the long run it’s going to save them money and prolong their independence as long as possible. This is also your chance to give back to them all that you

How to Assess Employee’s Needs for Training Free Essays

COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT HOW TO ASSESS EMPLOYEE’S NEEDS FOR TRAINING INTRODUCTION A  subject of my seminar assessment from Human resource management is Training needs assessment, or how to assess employee’s needs for training. The training needs assessment is a very effective way, how to identify employees’ needs for training. An object of my assessment is to acquaint readers with this topic, explain them, how the training needs of employees are identified, what the process of identification consists of and how to manage the training needs assessment. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Assess Employee’s Needs for Training or any similar topic only for you Order Now HOW TO ASSESS EMPLOYEE’S NEEDS FOR TRAINING Every company has goals which the company is trying to achieve. The main role plays employees who are the ones that actively participate in achieving the goals. That is the reason why the company should pay attention to them and evaluate if the employees have all qualifications, skills and knowledge that are the most efficient in achieving the goals. This evaluation can be provided through a very efficient method called training needs assessment, that discovers the training need of employees. Training needs assessment Staff training needs are assessed through a process called a training needs analysis. The exact form that this takes will depend on the nature of the organization, the technology available, and the nature of the staff. However, the fundamental elements of a training needs analysis are the same. It is a three-step process: * Identify the training needs * Deliver training that meets the needs * Assess the effectiveness of the training. These three steps are repeated over and over during the life-cycle of an organization. Continual assessment is required because the needs keep changing. Employees do not remain static they take on new roles and responsibilities. Their environment is also not static — technology keeps changing, as do the demands of their organization. † (Knowles, 2009) Identifying the Training Needs The best way how to identify training needs is with a three-step approach consisting of organizational analysis, analysis of employees and task analysis. 1. Organizational Analysis -Organizational analysis identifies abilities, knowledge and skills needed for employees in the future, when their job and the company will change. The analysis collects data through looking at few aspects like lost workdays, customer complaints, grievances, absenteeism, turnover rates, safety incidents, different performance problems, etc. Afterwards these data are assessed to detect where performance could be improved through training. The organizational analysis should be also prepared for future changes and it should also plan for changes in the workplace like worker demographics, laws and regulations and future skill needs. * Workforce. Workers growing old and women or other minorities becoming more prominent make the workforce change. Operating cost modifications and economic changes also may need workplace changes, when competing internationally. If the company understands these possible changes, then it has a good advantage, because that may help it to adapt to employees’ needs while the company’s needs are still met. * Laws and regulations. An organization might be forced to arrange training in specific areas because of new laws and changes in current safety and environmental regulations. Also other policies which include employees need to be communicated to them. * Future skills. Future skill needs can be recognised if an organization understands, how it might change in the future. For instance, will new equipment be installed or new processes applied? Will standards or regulations be changed? Is technology going to change? Will there be interpersonal or communication skills needed from employees because they will have to work with others or in teams? Will cultural changes be taking place in the organization? 2. Analysis of employees- Analysis of employees looks at individual employees and assesses their performance in their jobs. Their individual level of skills or knowledge can be determined through interviews, questionnaires or tests. Their performance reviews can contain useful data as well. Furthermore, problems with performance can be recognised by assessing aspects such as output, non-attendance, lateness, equipment repairs needed, accidents, complaints, client complaints and product quality. When shortages are recognised, an individual employee’s needs can be met through initiating training. All three stages of the training needs analysis are interconnected and information has to be gathered at all stages. Based on the data collected, training needs can be recognised, and the company can form learning objectives and develop a training program so the needs can be met, both company’s and employee’s. 3. Task Analysis- Task analysis examines requirements of knowledge and skills that are needed for each job and compares them to actual employee’s knowledge and skills. Any absence reveals a need for training. Analysis of job safety, standard operating methods, job description, performance standards, examination and questioning on-site, literature review and best practices are all sources for information collection. An efficient task analysis detects: * tasks that need to be accomplished * terms under which tasks can be accomplished * when and how often tasks are achieved * quantity and quality of work required * skills and knowledge needed to achieve tasks * where and how these skills are best gained Figure 1- Training needs assessment process (Bajzikova, a ini, 2011) Delivering Training That Meets the Needs Training can be provided through many different ways. It can be formal, classroom like, in the organization’s building, together with colleagues or it could be delivered through an external training company, also in class, but with people from other organizations. Other option is to provide the training on-line. The training might be short or long-lasting. Short lasting, such as classes lasting a day or even longer, that provide quiet big amount of information, or long-lasting trainings, that are delivered in small parts, maybe an hour a day or less. The trainings can be on a one-to-one basis, or they can take place in a group with one teacher. But the one-to-one basis trainings could become more like mentoring than formal teaching. What is important is that the teaching method and content matches the needs of the learners. Assessing the Effectiveness of Training In order to know whether the training has achieved the goals that were set for it, the organization needs to set up some sort of assessment. â€Å"Happy sheet† is the most basic form of assessment, especially for training I classes. The sheet is about one page long and it asks those who were trained if they enjoyed themselves during the training, whether they felt like they learned anything and what could have been better. There are also more complex and sophisticated forms how to evaluate training and these, after the training, measure the employees’ performance and compare it with their performance before. This cycle needs to be repeated even several times, because it is improbable that just one cycle of training needs analysis and following education will solve all problems. Models for Training Needs Assessments McClelland’s open-systems model McClelland (1993) presents an open-systems model for managing training needs assessments. This model contains of eleven steps which help to manage the assessment. 1. â€Å"Define assessment goals. 2. Determine assessment group. 3. Determine availability of qualified resources to conduct and oversee the project. 4. Gain senior management support for and commitment to the process. 5. Review and select assessment methods and instruments. 6. Determine critical time frames. 7. Schedule and implement. 8. Gather feedback. 9. Analyse feedback. 10. Draw conclusions. 1. Present findings and recommendations. † (Cekada, 2010) Barbazette’s model Barbazette says that training needs assessment should answer 4 questions: what, who, when, how and why. * What- â€Å"What is the best way to do a specific job? This helps to achieve the desired results. Standard operating methods may indicate how to manage a task or which government regulations need t o be considered when completing a task. Other important thing is to ask what jobs are involved in the shortage. This recognises critical tasks that have the possibility to cause a personal or property damage. Who- â€Å"Who is involved in the shortage of performance? † This will identify those employees that are involved and guarantee that the training is customized for them. It is also essential to consider the target audience for the training; what information does the organization have about them to design and customize the training; and who else may profit from the training. * When- â€Å"When can be training best delivered? This helps to minimize the impact on the business. It is also crucial to determine other things that are needed to make sure that the training is provided and delivered effectively. These models help guide development of a training needs assessment. * How- â€Å"How the shortage of performance can be fixed? † This helps to determine whether training will resolve the issue. That reveals if a skill or knowledge shortage led to the issue. * Why- â€Å"Why? † This helps to connect the performance shortage to a business need and asks whether the profit of the training is greater than the cost of the current shortage. CONCLUSION The training needs assessment is used to identify an organization’s and its employees’ training needs and determine the type and range of resources that are needed to support a training program. It helps the organization to design or choose the right type of training and afterwards it helps to assess if the goals were achieved. The training needs assessment is a very good, not complicated and effective way how to deal with educational needs within a company. And even though the cycle might have to be repeated several times, it is a helpful huma resource management tool. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Bajzikova, Lubica, et al. 2011. Manazment ludskych zdrojov. Bratislava  : Comenius University Bratislava, 2011. pp. 92-96. 978-80-223-2989-7. Cekada, Tracey L. 2010. www. asse. org. [Online] 3 2010. http://www. asse. org/professionalsafety/docs/F1Cekada_0310. pdf. * Knowles, Andrew. 2009. suite101. com. How to assess staff training needs. [Online] 9 7, 2009. http://suite101. com/article/how-to-assess-staff-training-needs-a146161. * Miller, Janice A. , Osinski, Diana M. and SPHR. 1996. www. ispi. org. [Online] 2 1996. http://www. ispi. org/pdf/suggestedReading/Miller_Osinski. pdf. * Unknown. w ww. opm. gov. [Online] http://www. opm. gov/hrd/lead/TrainingNeedsAssessment. asp. How to cite How to Assess Employee’s Needs for Training, Essay examples

Commercial Law Assessment for Battery - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCommercial Law Assessmentfor Battery and Nuisance. Answer: Issue Can the manufacturer and distributor of Samsung Galaxy Note 7, be held liable as per the tort of negligence, towards the Australian consumers? Rule A tort depicts that something has been done wrong, which attracts civil liability, instead of a criminal liability. Under the common law of tort, are different liabilities, arising from defamation, battery, nuisance, negligence, etc (Statsky, 2011). The provisions regarding negligence are contained not only under the common law, but also under the statutory legislation, i.e., under the Wrongs Act, 1958 (Vic). As per section 18 of this act, in order to establish that an individual had been indulged in a negligent act, certain points have to be established. These include, the failure in adopting the precautions which were necessary to deal with the risk of harm, the risk to be foreseeable in a reasonable manner and the same not being insignificant, and lastly, that in similar situation, similar precautions would have been applied by a prudent person (Legislation, 2010). Under the common law, negligence is considered as a failure of duty, which an individual owes to the other, due to the work being done by them, and which results in a loss or harm to the other person. In order to establish that an incident of negligence did take place, three basic elements have to be there, and these comprise of the duty of care, breach of this duty and the resultant injury, loss or harm (Gibson Fraser, 2014). Apart from these three basic elements, there are some additional elements, which also need to be there, to establish a case of negligence in a successful manner. These include that there has to be a presence of direct causation. This causation has to be between the loss incurred by the other person, and the breach of duty on part of the negligent person (Legal Services Commission, 2016). Apart from this, the loss has to be substantial and cannot be too remote. And the last aspect is that the risk of injury, or the loss, was foreseeable or predictable in a reas onable manner. Once, all these elements are present in an incident, a successful claim for negligence can be made by the party who was injured (Bailey, 2016). The first requirement is to show that a duty of care was indeed present. For the duty of care owed by the manufacturers to their consumers, was established in the issue of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100. In this case, the plaintiff was Mrs. Donoghue, who drank the ginger beer bottle which was manufacturer by Stevenson, the manufacturer. In this bottle, a dead snail was found, due to which, when Donoghue consumed the bottle, she fell sick. The manufacturer in this case, claimed that he did not owe any duty to a consumer, when the same was being consumed whilst the consumer was in a caf. However, the Court was of the view that there was a clear breach of duty on part of Stevenson, as he failed to ensure that the bottle was safe for the consumption of his consumer. And as a result of this, the negligence of the manufacturer attracted damages for him (Latimer, 2012). To further clarify on the presence of duty of care, the threefold test given in the case of Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605, 618, given by the Court of Appeal, is helpful. The judges held that the duty of care is present when there is proximity between the party who has been injured and the breach of duty by the individual who owed duty of care; the imposed penalty to be reasonable, just and fair; and lastly, the loss to be reasonably foreseeable (Lunney Oliphant, 2013). In the issue of Bolton v. Stone [1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 is one of such cases, where due to the absence of reasonable foreseeability in the defendants conduct, the damages were not awarded by the court to the defendant, as he was not held to have committed the tort of negligence (Swarb, 2016). Followed by an establishment of duty of care, the violation of the duty of care needs to be established. In Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 132 ER 490 (CP), the defendant was warned over and again regarding the poor ventilation in his building, which could result in a possible fire to the haystack. Due to the lack of the defendant in considering these warnings, he was held to have violated his duty of care and hence, negligent (Commonwealth Legal Information Institute, 2017). In the case of Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367, the Council was aware of the fact that Paris had one bad eye. And even then they did not provide him with any sort of protective gear. So, when a rusted bolt flew and hit his working eye, Paris was completely blinded. This was held to be a breach on Councils part and hence, they were held as negligent by the court (Martin Lancer, 2013). After establishing these two elements, the loss has to be shown, along with the other three elements highlighted above. So, the foreseeability, loss being not too remote and direct causation has to be present. In the Wagon Mound Case, which is otherwise known as the Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] UKPC 2, the relief in form of damages were not ordered, as the loss was held to be too remote (H2O, 2016). In Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 4, the view of a reasonable individual, to judge the risk of injury taking place was taken and it was held that the particular risk was indeed reasonably foreseeable and hence, a claim for negligence was held to be successful (Jade, 2017a). Application The number of cases highlighted in the previous segment highlight certain elements for establishing a case of negligence. In the given case study, the manufacturer and distributor owed a duty of care towards the Australian Consumers, which was breached when the phone exploded and people were injured in a significant manner, due to the malfunctioning of the product. Hence, all the elements were present. Also, as per Donoghue v Stevenson, a claim of negligence is further strengthened. Overheating is a common problem in devices which makes the loss foreseeable. Conclusion As all of the elements are present, for establishing the case of negligence, the manufacturer and distributor of Samsung Galaxy Note 7, can be held successfully liable under the tort of negligence, towards the Australian consumers. Issue Can the manufacturer and distributor of the product be held liable under the ACL, as per the rights which are available to the Australian Consumers? Rule The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA) is a key legislation in Australia for ensuring the fairness in competition. Schedule 2 of the CCA, contains the provisions regarding the Australian Consumer Law (ACL), which presents the need for carrying the business in a fair manner and making certain that the consumers are protected (Coorey, 2015). Due to the applicability of ACL, the consumers are protected from unfair contractual terms, false representations, misleading or deceptive conduct, unconscionable conduct, unfair contractual terms, and the like (Corones, 2012). For establishing a claim against the manufacturer or distributor, the requirement of being a manufacturer as per section 7 of this act has to be fulfilled. As per this section a manufacturer includes a person who holds himself as being in this position, who extracts, grows, assembles, produces or processes the goods, along with certain other requirements. The requirement of being a supplied, as per section 2, also has to be fulfilled. However, it is not required that the individual is a consumer as per section 3 of ACL. The safety defect, which attracts the provisions under this act, has to be as per section 9 of the Australian Consumer Law (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The provisions contained under the Part 3-5 of the ACL, make the manufacturer liable for the safety defect found in the products manufactured by such manufacturer. Under section 138 off ACL, the liability for the loss or harm which another person had to bear, has to be borne by the manufacturer, when the goods manufactured by the manufacturer, contains some kind of safety defect, and which led to the injury to the person. Under this section, the liability on the manufacturer is also imposed for the resulting death of such an injured person. Section 139 of ACL provides that the manufacturer is liable to such an individual for their loss, who incurs such loss, due to the injury of another person or such another persons death, owing to the safety defect in the manufactured product of the manufacturer. Section 140 fixes the liability for the safety defect over the manufacturer due to the goods being destroyed, or them being damaged. And for the liability for the damages to building, land or fixtures, the liability arising due to safety defect is covered under section 141 of the Australian Consumer Law (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The liability of the manufacturer can be established through the case of Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Consumer Commission Anor [1998] FCA 1571. Boiling water was put down the slower pipe by P and after this he put in the dry Glendale Caustic Soda through this very pipe. Consequently, P eyes and face was burnt. When the case was made under Part 3-5 of the ACL, P was held to be successful against D. The raison d'tre behind holding D liable was his responsibility of labeling and repackaging the bulk caustic soda, as a result of which, he was considered as a manufacturer under the provisions of ACL (Jade, 2017b). The manufacturers also have been protected under this act, through the defenses available to them, under section 142 of the ACL. In case a manufacturer can show that the product did not have any defect when the same was supplied, than the section 142(a)(iii) protects them from any liability raised by the consumer. A defense can also be established by showing compliance with the applicable standards. Similarly, section 142(c) of the ACL protects the manufacturer when they can show that the defect could not be established as per the technical and scientific knowledge available to them. Under section 142(d), the defense of a defect or careless assembly, as a result of the omission or an act of the manufacturer of the finished goods, can also be made by the manufacturer of the product (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Application The present case study reveals different consumers who can initiate a claim against the manufacturer and distributor of the device. The manufacturer is liable as they created and formed the product and the distributor is liable in accordance with the case of Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Consumer Commission Anor. As, for different consumers, different sections highlighted above were breached, the claims made against the manufacturer and distributor of the device, would result in attraction of damages to be payable to the individuals making the claim. Even though the manufacturer and distributor can make defense under section 142, the same would not be much successful, due to the large-scale failure of the product. Conclusion So, manufacturer and distributor can be held liable under the ACL, as per the rights which are available to the Australian Consumers. Issue Are there any applicable caps over the personal injuries damages, in the present case, for the claims highlighted in the previous parts? Rule In 2015, the Wrongs Act, 1958 (Vic) was amended through the Wrongs Act, 2015, which resulted in changes to the provisions pertaining to the claims raised for personal injuries in the jurisdiction of Victoria. Through this amendment act, there has been a reduction in the threshold for the impairment for psychiatric and spinal injuries. Hence, an individual who suffers from is equal to or at 10% impairment for psychiatric injuries and at or equal to 5%, for the spinal injuries, can claim damages for non-economic losses, when the same were not available previously. Under section 28G of the Wrongs Act, 1958, the cap has been increased to a value of $577,050 (Thomas, 2015). Though, some restrictions have been placed for recovering non-economic losses, in terms of suffering or pain. Moreover, for a claim to be made under this act, it has to be shown that a significant injury did take place (Law Handbook, 2015). The economic loss related provisions, as contained in section 28F(2) have also been modified. The maximum amount of damages, which can be awarded after the amendment, is the amount equal to three times the average minimum weekly earnings of the person. Before the cap is applied for the claims raised by dependent of a deceased person, a deduction for the personal living expenses of such a deceased person have to be made. Under section 28ID, the damages owing to the loss of capacity of some other person have now been allowed (Thomas, 2015). Application The individual, who have been affected due to the explosion of device, along with the hotel, where the furniture was damaged, can make claim in this case (Griffith, 2016). Plus, they can seek both economic and non-economic damages, as per the limits prescribed above. Conclusion Hence, there are certain applicable caps over the personal injuries damages, in the present case, for the claims highlighted in the previous parts. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017). Competition and Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html Bailey, J. (2016). Construction Law (2nd ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. (2017). Vaughan v Menlove. Retrieved from: https://www.commonlii.org/uk/cases/EngR/1837/424.pdf Coorey, A. (2015). Australian Consumer Law. London, United Kingdom: LexisNexis Butterworths. Corones, S.G. (2012). The Australian Consumer Law. New South Wales: Lawbook Company. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014 (8th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Griffith, C. (2016). Exploding Samsung Note7 ruins Australian hotel room. Retrieved from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/exploding-samsung-note7-ruins-australian-hotel-room/news-story/093d67da670f8c1ed20df88aafbb2f66 H2O. (2016). Wagon Mound (No. 1) -- "The Oil in the Wharf Case". [Online] Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/4919 Jade. (2017a). Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/66842 Jade. (2017b). Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Consumer Commission Anor[1998] FCA 1571; 90 FCR 40. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=116054 Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Law Handbook. (2015). Key legislation: the Wrongs Act. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/10_01_02_key_legislation_the_wrongs_act/ Legal Services Commission. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php Legislation. (2010). Wrongs Act 1958. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/LTObject_Store/LTObjSt5.nsf/DDE300B846EED9C7CA257616000A3571/F1F5385B484503F3CA2577C1001B5BE4/$FILE/58-6420a103.pdf Lunney, M., Oliphant, K. (2013). Tort Law: Text and Materials (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martin, J., Lancer, D. (2013). AQA Law for AS Fifth Edition (5th ed.). Oxon: Hachette UK. Statsky, W.P. (2011). Essentials of Torts (3rd ed.). New York: Cengage Learning. Swarb. (2016). Bolton v Stone: HL 10 May 1951. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/bolton-v-stone-hl-10-may-1951/ Thomas, K. (2015). Significant changes to personal injuries legislation in Victoria. Retrieved from: https://www.sparke.com.au/insights/significant-changes-to-personal-injuries-legislation-in-victoria/

Sexual Inequality In OT Essays - Sexual Fidelity, Marriage

Sexual Inequality in OT In today's society women are looked upon ignorantly by the male gender. This attitude derived from the na?ve men of the Old Testament. They did not see women as being an important part of history and therefore hardly spoke of them. When women were mentioned it was usually in a condescending fashion. Even with genealogies in the Old Testament women were not listed as if to show that they were not important and of no concern. Women in the Old Testament our viewed as being inferior to men, sexual predators, and an item of property. In the first creation story (Genesis 1:27) God is described as creating man, both male and female at the same time. This might be interpreted as implying equality between the two genders. But in the second creation story, (Genesis 2:7) God formed only a man. Realizing that he needed a helper (Genesis 2:18), God marched all of the animals past Adam (Genesis 2:19-20) looking for a suitable animal. Finding none suitable, God created Eve out of one of Adam's ribs. The term "helper" has historically been interpreted as implying an inferior role for Eve. ("The Hebrew translated word helper is used twenty-one times in the Old Testament: twenty of these cases refer to help from a superior.")(Coogan 813)Adam later asserts his authority over Eve by naming her. In Genesis 19 the men of Sodom gathered around Lot's house, and asked that he bring his two guests out so that the men can "know" them. This in frequently interpreted as a desire to gang rape the visitors, although other interpretations are possible. Lot offers his two virgin daughters to be raped instead. Yet, even after this despicable act, Lot is still regarded as an honorable man, worth saving from the destruction of the city. Allowing one's daughters to be sexually assaulted by multiple rapists appears to be treated as a minor transgression, because of the low status of the young women. A man could simultaneously keep numerous concubines. These were sexual partners of an even lower status than a wife was. As implied in Genesis 21:10, she could be dismissed when no longer needed. Another example of this inferiority to men it is the book of Exodus. In Exodus 20:17 it lists the last of the Ten Commandments. It forbids coveting your neighbor's house, wife, slaves, animals or anything else that the neighbor owns. The wife is clearly regarded as equivalent to a piece of property and in no way would a piece of property be superior to a man. Also in Exodus 21:22-25 it describes a situation in which two men are fighting and hit a pregnant woman. If the woman has a miscarriage because of the blow, the men must pay a fine for their act - not to the woman, but to her husband, presumably because he has been deprived of a child. Leviticus 12:1-5 explains that a woman who has given birth to a boy is ritually unclean for 33 days. If the baby is a girl, the mother is unclean for 66 days. It would appear that the act of having a baby is a highly polluting act. To give birth to a girl is twice as polluting as is giving birth to a boy. In Leviticus 18:20 and 20:10, adultery was defined as a man having sexual intercourse with his neighbor's wife. Deuteronomy 22:23 extends this prohibition to a man sleeping with a woman who is engaged to be married. If a man has an affair with an unmarried woman, the act is not considered adultery. Although God wanted men to only have one wife, married men on many occasions visited prostitutes and received no punishment for this sin. This was a double standard among the sexes for a woman got severely punished if she committed such a sin. A man who committed adultery did not commit a wrongful act against his wife, but rather against his male neighbor implying that a woman did not matter. Another example of where the Bible insists that men are more important than women is in Leviticus 27:6. A child aged 1 month to five years of age was worth 5 shekels if a boy and 3 shekels if a girl and in Numbers 3:15 it shows that a census counted only male infants over the age of one month, boys and men. Females were not considered worthy of being included. Women were also thought of as inferior when it came to things such as

How to Use Hyphens Correctly in Business Grammar

How to Use Hyphens Correctly in Business Grammar Louise Julig wrote a wonderful post about hyphens in her Thoughts Happen blog. Business writing requires correct hyphenation. It’s both clarifying and funny. She wore a purple wrist band to remind her of her pledge not to complain. The problem? The bracelet omitted a needed hyphen, prompting Louise’s grammar complaint: Argh! I just can’t stand it anymore! I’ve been doing this purple-bracelet â€Å"stop complaining† exercise for almost three weeks now (and am on my record 5th day of not complaining) but I can’t hold it in any longer because every time I look at the half inch of rubber encircling my wrist I want to gouge a little hyphen between â€Å"Complaint† and â€Å"Free.† It’s â€Å"A Complaint-Free World,† people, not â€Å"A Complaint Free World†! Oh the irony of complaining about the â€Å"complaint free† bracelet. But really! Hyphens are very complicated. I agree with Grammar Girl’s recommendation to check a dictionary and style guide when possible. When it’s not, fall back on this baseline rule: Hyphenate compound modifiers when they come before a noun, and don’t hyphenate them when they come after a noun. Louise illustrated this rule nicely: Why is this? Here’s my best explanation: hyphens group modifiers together for clarity. Say you have a red brick house. Is it a red house? Yes. Is it a brick house? Yes. Therefore, no hyphen is needed. However, what if you have a â€Å"gluten free recipe.† Is it a gluten recipe? No. Is it a free recipe? No. Therefore, a hyphen is needed to group the modifiers together so you know the recipe has no gluten. It’s a gluten-free recipe. Why then do you not hyphenate after the noun, e.g. â€Å"the recipe is gluten free†? The temptation is to throw in extra hyphens just in case, e.g. â€Å"the recipe is gluten-free.† But it’s just as bad to over-hyphenate as to under-hyphenate, and it really isn’t necessary. Here’s why: when the modifier comes after the noun, it’s only modifying the one word immediately after it. So we ask ourselves, â€Å"What kind of ‘free’ is it?† and the answer is â€Å"gluten.† It’s gluten free. Louise, thanks so much for breaking your complaint-free pledge to clarify this! I say you should gouge that little hyphen into your bracelet, and wear it proudly!

Provide topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Provide topic - Essay Example Obviously, they had no idea, but I think my father knew it. He never said a word and told my mother to let men handle men business. At the time, I was confused and angry with myself, but it soon dawned on me that things, from that time would change. The fishing trip was a jarring moment in my life, but as Elizabeth Bishop claims, â€Å"Think of the long trip home. Should we have stayed home and thought of here? Where should we be today?† (Bishop 6). While I wished at the time that I had never taken this trip, I now realize that it was essential to my growing up. Setting and Profile of Self The fishing trip was on a hot humid Saturday morning. My father and brothers had done this numerous times before and were ready with their fishing rods. As the youngest in the family, eleven at the time to be exact, I had only done this thrice with my father. Normally, when I accompanied my brothers, they only let me unhook the fish and pack them. My mother was not very hot on me joining my father and brothers on this trip, though. You see my father was a hard man, a serious man who did not take particularly well to my spending hours around my mother. The fishing trip was his idea, and he gave me no chance to say no, despite having planned for a toad trapping expedition with my friends. In my family, everyone, except my mother was expected to be a man since I had no sister. My mother was the only feminine soul I intimately knew. Being different to my raucous brothers and aloof father, I preferred her company. The trip changed my worldview from that point. The Event Smearing the sun block my mother had lovingly packed besides my snack box, I mentally prepared for what lay ahead. Fishing had never been my forte, and I had always looked admiringly at my brothers as they brought in fish with my mother’s congratulations ringing in my ears. Now, here I stood, ready to clear the hurdle I felt stood between manhood and me. Even at eleven, I felt that my strapping, ragge d body was ready for any obstacle that the vast body of water threw my way. I felt apologetic for the fish that had to bear the demonstration of manhood that I was just about to put up. So absorbed in this initiation was I that the journey to my father’s favorite fishing spot was but a fleeting moment. The sudden splutter of the fishing boat’s engine as my eldest brother brought it to a stop brought me back to reality. I fumbled along the floor of the boat for my fishing rod, mistakenly picking my father’s rod. â€Å"Son that is for the big fish† he laughed as my brothers joined. I would show them what I was now. As I let out my line into the water and sat back waiting for the unfortunate fish that would define my manhood to attack the bait, I said a Hail Mary, borrowing from my favorite movie, the Godfather. As if she had heard me, then it struck, and I lurched to my feet. Adrenalin flooded my veins as the strength I had believed in so much began to drai n against the vicious thrashing of the fish. At the time, I was beginning to contemplate surrender and my claims to manhood; the fish did me a great favor. It leapt from the surface of the water, magnificently gleaming in the sun surrounded by breathtaking surf spray. In this moment, I saw the fish transformed from an unlucky victim of my manhood aspirations to a brilliant life specimen, and I longed to possess it. Maybe it was the boy in me, but the man had

Reflections on technology's impact on me and my friends Essay

Reflections on technology's impact on me and my friends - Essay Example Students are connected all times regardless of the place. Students surf and chat while at lecture whole, libraries and dormitories. The effects of this constant connection are increasingly become hazardous towards academic performance and happiness resulting from increased anxiety amongst the Y-generation as Ken State Research indicates. Analysis of the Ken State study attributed Lower GPA, fueled levels of anxiety, as well as lower levels of happiness to increased use of cellphones amongst the peers. According to Turkle’s TED talk, the increased internet connectedness has attracted the youth to harmful sacrifice interactive platforms that have negatively re-shaped users. The internet is never a grown up as has been misunderstood and hence an urgent call to revamp internet usability and design. According to Jenna, internet users, have shifted from the conventional culture and now live on phones in total disregard to moments. Relationships have weakened as people spent much time on devices to one another. Alerts from phones have distracted occasions and further draw people into using theirs. A situation that make people preoccupied with texts and hence many have bumped onto each along

Operation Managment case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Operation Managment - Case Study Example In deed Lee (1) points out that the key differentiator between poor performing and high performing companies is the ability to increase inventory turns. Inventory management can be a daunting task for a mass retailing business with hundreds of products coming from a wide array of suppliers. Such a challenge can be even greater when the suppliers are located in different echelons of the organisation’s distribution network. Usually, most retail chains often use central distribution centres which source products from the suppliers and distribute them to the retail stores. Though this proves effective in most cases, if not well managed and executed, it may result to excess inventory in terms of redundant safety stock, stock outs, and product allocations that are not optimal (Lee 2). This paper analyses LuLu’s hypermarket’s inventory management to identify a weakness and propose a re-engineered improved operation. LuLu Group operates some of the biggest and well performing hypermarkets, Lulu Express and shopping malls in the United Arabs Emirates and in other cities within the Gulf region (Retail Business Review 1). The hypermarkets which are the retailing division of EMKE Group, a multinational company dealing in a wide array of sectors, prides itself in providing high quality consumer merchandise across the Gulf region through its 103 stores. Like any other mass merchandising store, LuLu hypermarkets offers a wide array of consumer goods and services under one roof (LuLu Hypermarkets 1; Hemalatha and Sivakumar 52). LuLu hypermarkets deal in a wide array of products ranging from grocery products, apparel products, baby products, cleaning products, beverages, health and beauty aids, electronic products, pet supplies, seasonal merchandise, home furnishings and home decor, kitchen appliances, tools and power equipment, office supplies, outdoor living, gardening products, as well as footwear. All these products are from a wide array of brands, in different

Gender Inequalities in Health Sociology

Gender Inequalities in Health Sociology This essay aims to understand why there are health inequalities between both genders and the social classes. This will be achieved by analysing the findings of sociological research, whilst discussing the main problems with how health inequalities are measured. The cultural and structural explanations on why health inequalities occur will also be evaluated. In 2009, The House of Commons Health Committee published a report, which found that even though peoples health was improving in all social groups, the gap between the health of the social classes had widened. The reason stated for this, was that the health of those in higher social classes was improving far quicker than the health of those in the lower social classes. The figures within in the report showed that if you are in a higher social group you are more likely to live longer than someone in the lower social classes. The report also stated that not only do poorer people die younger; they also suffer more years of ill health. Access to health care for the lower classes is also uneven and those who are poor, elderly and disabled are less likely to receive proper treatment than those who are young and able-bodied. A report done by the Learning Disabilities Observatory alleged that this was because the elderly and disabled were unable to access health care due to reduced mobility, being unable to communicate health problems to professionals and their carers failing to identify health problems. (Eric Emerson, 2010) The Health Committee report also illustrates the interrelations of gender inequalities and socioeconomic status. On a geographical level females who were born in the more affluent areas of London, such as Kensington and Chelsea had a significantly higher life expectancy (87.8 years) than females who were born in Glasgow (77.1 years), which has the lowest life expectancy figure in the UK. Subsequently, even though the life expectancy for males and females in social class l (professional) and social class V (unskilled manual) has improved compared to previous years, the disparity between them, is still widening. (House of Commons, Health Committee, 2009) A cultural explanation was also given for why mens life expectancy is more severely affected than womens life expectancy. It was suggested by the Mens Health Forum that men are more likely to take risks with their health due to them trying to cope with stress and conforming to role models in society. Men, compared to women also make poor use of primary care services such as pharmacies and GP surgeries. This is thought to be because men find it culturally unacceptable to discuss their health problems. Men are also more likely to die of health problems relating to their weight, as they are less able than women to identify when they are overweight, as weight is seen as a womens issue. (Memorandum by the mens health forum, 2008) However, even though the data found within the Health Committees report looks convincing the majority of the data is based on morbidity rates, which are not always reliable, as not everyone who gets ill may report their illness. Even human error and illness not being recorded accurately can mean that data based evidence of health inequalities can be unreliable. A previous report done in 2004 by Hilary Graham, featured evidence that suggested that if your parents were poor or in poverty then you were already predisposed to having poor health and having a higher mortality and morbidity rate. This was due to mothers who are poor not being able to afford nutritious food and not being able to access health care. This in turn can lead to babies being born with a lower birth weight, and poor cognitive and physical development. This can influence further problems in health as an adult and therefore, further inequalities in health than someone who was born to parents with a higher income. The findings of the report done by Graham also showed that those living with illness or an impairment were less likely to avoid economic hardships due to their persisting health difficulties and the discrimination they faced, meaning they were less likely to maintain long term employment. In turn, those who did belong to a higher socioeconomic group had a far bette r chance of staying in employment even when faced with ill health. It was also suggested within the report that socioeconomic position affects an individuals health indirectly by influencing intermediary factors such as their home and environment (e.g. poor living and working conditions) and psychosocial factors such as their stress levels and relationships within their family. (Graham, 2004) On analysing Grahams report, there are certain criticisms that can be made on the reliability of her findings. For instance, all the data that featured in her report is secondary; none of it is her own. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the findings featured in her report is only as good as the people she collected it from. However, the research she did use was up -to date and from credible resources. There are cultural and structural explanations that also help us understand why there are inequalities in health between the genders and social classes. In relations to gender inequalities in health the cultural/ behavioural explanation suggests that men are far more likely to suffer ill health and die younger than women due to role models in society and the need for them to feel masculine. Because of this, young men in particular are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol and take drugs. A higher consumption of alcohol and drug taking in particular is thought to be a prime reason why young men are more likely to commit suicide. Women, on the other hand have been socialised to pay greater attention to their health and body as it is seen as a way to define their femininity. However, more women suffer from eating disorders than men do. (Waugh,C. et al 2008) Many feminists believe that women no longer have control over the health care they receive, and any health care they are given is sui ted to doctors and hospital hours. They also argue that women are left to suffer at the hands of male doctors, who are more likely to diagnose female patients symptoms as that of a mental illness. (Browne, 2008) The structural/ materialistic explanation for inequalities in health has suggested that women are more likely to get ill because of their role in society as caregivers because they are more likely to suffer from stress and mental illness. Women who do part-time work are also more likely to suffer from ill health as they are less well paid and have fewer perks than women who are able to do full time work. Men on the other hand often do jobs that are dangerous, stressful and physically demanding (e.g. warehouse work, armed forces jobs etc.) The structural explanation also suggests that those who are in the lower social classes are more likely to suffer from ill health because they are less able to engage in healthy lifestyle choices due to lack of income. They are also more likely to do manual jobs and have less money to buy good quality foods. Lack of transport may make it harder to access medical care and stress of not having enough money can lead to further health problems, which ma y eventually lead to unemployment. Marxists claim capitalist society causes people to become ill as it aims to serve only the higher classes. Being unable to work is seen as the definition of sickness, whilst Doctors are seen as agents of social control with the power to sign people off work. Yet not working can equally make people ill by increasing the risk of ill health, depression and suicide. (Kirby,M. et al 1997) Both explanations are equally valid; however, the structural explanation looks at the wider picture of why people in lower classes or certain genders are more likely to suffer from high morbidity and mortality rates, as they cannot afford healthy lifestyles like the higher classes. The cultural explanation gives insight into why one gender more than the other seeks health care and why data for morbidity if higher for women than men yet mortality levels are higher than men than in women. (Martin Holborn, 2004) In conclusion, the findings in both the reports from the Health Committee and by Hilary Graham both show that the lower your social class, the higher your risk of suffering from poor health and lower life expectancy. Furthermore, the cultural explanation gives reason to why men are less likely to visit the doctor due to wanting to conform to masculine stereotypes, whereas women are encouraged to look after their health. Alternatively, the structural explanation gives greater insight into how your social class can affect your health by limiting your access to healthcare and the means to living a healthier lifestyle.

Robert Louis Stevenson :: essays research papers

When one reads the nonfiction work of Robert Louis Stevenson along with the novels and short stories, a more complete portrait emerges of the author than that of the romantic vagabond one usually associates with his best-known fiction. The Stevenson of the nonfiction prose is a writer involved in the issues of his craft, his milieu, and his soul. Moreover, one can see the record of his maturation in critical essays, political tracts, biographies, and letters to family and friends. What Stevenson lacks, especially for the tastes of this age, is specificity and expertise: he has not the depth of such writers as John Ruskin, Walter Pater, or William Morris. But he was a shrewd observer of humankind, and his essays reveal his lively and perspicacious mind. Though he lacked originality, he created a rapport with the reader, who senses his enthusiastic embrace of life and art. If Stevenson at first wrote like one who only skimmed the surface of experience, by the end of his life he was pa ssionately committed to his adopted land of Samoa, to his own history, and to the creation of his fiction. Robert Louis Stevenson was born to Thomas and Margaret Isabella Balfour Stevenson in Edinburgh on 13 November 1850. From the beginning he was sickly. Through much of his childhood he was attended by his faithful nurse, Alison Cunningham, known as Cummy in the family circle. She told him morbid stories about the Covenanters (the Scots Presbyterian martyrs), read aloud to him Victorian penny-serial novels, Bible stories, and the Psalms, and drilled the catechism into him, all with his parents' approval. Thomas Stevenson was quite a storyteller himself, and his wife doted on their only child, sitting in admiration while her precocious son expounded on religious dogma. Stevenson inevitably reacted to the morbidity of his religious education and to the stiffness of his family's middle-class values, but that rebellion would come only after he entered Edinburgh University. The juvenilia that survives from his childhood shows an observer who was already sensitive to religious issues and Scottish history. Not surprisingly, the boy who listened to Cummy's religious tales first tried his hand at retelling Bible stories: "A History of Moses" was followed by "The Book of Joseph." When Stevenson was sixteen his family published a pamphlet he had written entitled The Pentland Rising, a recounting of the murder of Nonconformist Scots Presbyterians who rebelled against their royalist persecutors.

Student: Critical Thinking and Sensory Data

Assignment 1: â€Å"Sensory Perceptions†Can you really trust your senses and the interpretation of sensory data to give you an accurate view of the world? Describe and discuss the accuracy and the weaknesses of the human senses as they pertain to thinking in general and to your own thinking in particular.Write a two to three (2–3) page (approximately 500–750 word) paper that addresses the following: 1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. Identify and describe at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. 3. Discuss the roles of â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data. 4. Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Your textbook may count as one (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources must be obtained from the collection of databases accessible from the Learning Re sources Center Web page. The format of the paper is to be as follows:1. Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides, APA format. 2. In addition to the two (2) pages assigned, a title page with the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date is to be included, as well as a Reference Page. Sources documented using APA style for in-text citations and listed on the References Page using APA style format. Assignment 1: Sensory Perceptions Due Week 2 and worth 100 pointsCan you really trust your senses and the interpretation of sensory data to give you an accurate view of the world? Describe and discuss the accuracy and the weaknesses of the human senses as they pertain to thinking in general and to your own thinking in particular. Write a 2-3 page paper in which you:1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. Identify and describe a t least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. 3. Discuss the roles of ―natureâ€â€" and ―nurtureâ€â€" with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data.  © 2010 Strayer University, All Rights Reserved. This document contains Strayer University Confidential and Proprietary information and may not be copied, further distributed, or otherwise disclosed in whole or in part, without the expressed written permission of Strayer University. PHI 210 Student Version 1134 [1071 04-11-11] Page 6 of 314. Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Your textbook may count as one (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources must be obtained from the collection of databases accessible from the Learning Resources Center Web page.Your assignment must: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific for mat. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. ï‚ · Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student‘s name, the professor‘s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: ï‚ · Develop skills for overcoming barriers which limit objective and productive critical thinking. ï‚ · Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking. ï‚ · Demonstrate adherence to academic integrity policy and APA Style guidelines for academic citations. ï‚ · Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.Write clearly and concisely about issues in critical thinking using proper writing mechanics.Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writin g skills, using the following rubric. Points: 100 Assignment 1: Sensory PerceptionsCriteria Unacceptable Below 60% F Meets Minimum Expectations 60-69% D Fair 70-79% C Proficient 80-89% B Exemplary 90-100% A1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Weight: 30%Did not submit or incompletely provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Insufficiently provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Partially provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Satisfactorily provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Thoroughly provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. Identify and describe at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. Weight: 30%Did not submit or incompletely identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Insufficiently identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or   Partially identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Satisfactorily identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Thoroughly identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or 3.

Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis

People grow up listening to the story of Noah and the flood. They remember the length of the flood, the dove, and the rainbow very vividly. However, most people do not realize that the story is told throughout many different cultures and with accounts older than Genesis ¹s version in the Bible. Although each of the accounts tells of the flood, there are many variations to the story. One such story can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Although the Epic of Gilgamesh is similar to the Genesis version, there are some differences in the days leading to, during, and after the flood. The days leading to the flood are different as well as similar in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Genesis version of the flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decided to send a flood because the people on Earth were noisy. One man, Utnapishtim, was given a dream by one of the gods because of an oath. Contrastingly, in Genesis, God sent a flood to destroy the evils that man had created. He warned Noah about the flood because Noah was good. Both Utnapishtim and Noah constructed boats to survive the flood. Utnapishtim ¹s boat was 120 cubits and a perfect cube. It was completed with seven decks that were divided into nine sections each. On the other hand, Noah ¹s ark was three hundred cubits in length, fifty cubits in width, and thirty cubits in height. It had a skylight and a door in the side. It was only three stories high. After the boat was constructed, Gilgamesh  ³loaded into her all that I (he) had of gold and of living things, my family, my kin, the best of the field both wild and tame, and all the craftsmen ²(p. 37). Noah, similarly, loaded his family, food, and a male and female pair of each animal. Now each group wa... Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis People grow up listening to the story of Noah and the flood. They remember the length of the flood, the dove, and the rainbow very vividly. However, most people do not realize that the story is told throughout many different cultures and with accounts older than Genesis ¹s version in the Bible. Although each of the accounts tells of the flood, there are many variations to the story. One such story can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Although the Epic of Gilgamesh is similar to the Genesis version, there are some differences in the days leading to, during, and after the flood. The days leading to the flood are different as well as similar in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Genesis version of the flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decided to send a flood because the people on Earth were noisy. One man, Utnapishtim, was given a dream by one of the gods because of an oath. Contrastingly, in Genesis, God sent a flood to destroy the evils that man had created. He warned Noah about the flood because Noah was good. Both Utnapishtim and Noah constructed boats to survive the flood. Utnapishtim ¹s boat was 120 cubits and a perfect cube. It was completed with seven decks that were divided into nine sections each. On the other hand, Noah ¹s ark was three hundred cubits in length, fifty cubits in width, and thirty cubits in height. It had a skylight and a door in the side. It was only three stories high. After the boat was constructed, Gilgamesh  ³loaded into her all that I (he) had of gold and of living things, my family, my kin, the best of the field both wild and tame, and all the craftsmen ²(p. 37). Noah, similarly, loaded his family, food, and a male and female pair of each animal. Now each group wa...

Proportionate vs. Proportional

Proportionate vs. Proportional Proportionate vs. Proportional Proportionate vs. Proportional By Maeve Maddox Both of these adjectives are based on the noun proportion. The noun proportion can mean â€Å"a part, portion, amount, or percentage† of something. For example, â€Å"He miscalculated the proportion of water to alcohol in the solution.† Proportion can also refer to a balance between two things. For example, â€Å"The king rewarded the knight in proportion to his merit.† Outside certain scientific contexts, the words tend to be used interchangeably. Both mean â€Å"in proportion.† Nevertheless, some speakers perceive a difference between proportional in reference to â€Å"amount or percentage† and proportionate to mean â€Å"comparable, equivalent, or analogous.† The US Senate would be proportional in terms of the US population if it were made up of 50 men and 50 women. When someone initiates an attack against you, a proportionate response will be one that equals but does not exceed the original attack in severity. Here are some recent examples from the Web: Benin’s Military Manual (1955) requires respect for the principle of proportionality. According to the manual, â€Å"a military action is proportionate if it does not cause loss or damage to civilians which is excessive in relation to the expected overall result.† A windmills noise is directly proportional to the speed of its rotor tips.   Your  proportionate  share of production from a well is calculated based on the net acres you own in the spacing unit. Unlike a real roulette wheel the sections are different sizes, proportional to the individuals fitness, such that the fittest candidate has the biggest slice of the wheel and the weakest candidate has the smallest.   The adverbs for proportionate and proportional are proportionately and proportionally. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Email EtiquetteHow to Punctuate Introductory Phrases

Does the British media frame public opinion Essay

Does the British media frame public opinion - Essay Example Journalists prefer to deliver news from a certain angle in which the public is going to accept. They target public expectation on a particular issue that is rising in that society. Journalists know that when people receive information that favors their culture and the society, they consider that information true. These societies love to hear news that revolves around them positively. Any information that describe their way of living is considered false and will never be accepted by anyone in that society even if it is a true story. However, journalists try their best to deliver reports at an angle they know will favor their audience. Journalists from the other wing tend to report the same information but in a very different angle that they know that the audience they are, targeting will accept the information. This process is called framing in media. Framing is the act of selecting features of a perceived reality and making them salient in the text of communication with the aim of pr omoting problem definition and evaluation1. Generally, framing involves selection and salience8. Many reporters use this idea in most of their information that they deliver to the public. Media frames much of the public opinions to ensure they give the right information that the public is expecting from the media news. What the media does here is that, it draws public attention to particular topics and later the journalists select the topics that they know what the public is thinking. Media organizes the events and issues they want to present and the audience are the one to interpret the information in those events. British media has used this criterion in much of their news. This media has been framing public opinion to ensure that they give acceptable information in the news they broadcast to their audiences. Mass media are the technologies used to reach audience through mass communication. There are very many types of mass media although it is divided into two i.e. the old media and the new media. Television, radio, and newspapers represent the old media. On the other hand, new media came to existence due to the improved technologies in the mass communication sector. They include Twitter, Blogs, Facebook, You Tube, and Google. The public uses each of these media differently. Each individual chooses the media to use depending on the information they are searching. All these categories of mass media are useful in Britain. They are used to deliver information to the public through many ways. Political advertisements in Britain have been banned in all television channels and radio stations5. This was put in place when Communication Act 2003 was written. None of the radio stations and TV channels was allowed to make any advertisement that was political. Political advertisements are those advertisements that are more for campaigning rather than other information. Their main aim is to influence people concerning a particular party matters. ASA is responsible for r egulating all advertisements that are made in radio stations and TV channels. Although they can regulate these advertisements, they have a limit at which they cannot go further. ASA has written a notice to all political parties informing them that they should follow the rules that have been put in place. Political advertisers are supposed to be guided by rules that are in CAP Code. These principles states that all advertisements made must have a responsibility to both the consumers and the society. Newton and Brynnin noted that, â€Å"Television has major effects on the decision that people in the public make†. This is evidenced during election s when the candidates are having debates live in the television channels. Many people who watch those debates are swayed by what they hear from these political candidates. Many people are not desired on whom they are going to vote but when they watch the debates, most of them desired on their favorite candidate to vote for. This was ev idenced when Gordon brown, David Cameron, and Nick Clegg were

Is outsourcing work to other countries a good thing or a bad thing Essay

Is outsourcing work to other countries a good thing or a bad thing - Essay Example This essay discusses that in an increasingly globalized world, the physical boundaries for international and even domestic firms are vanishing fast. The interconnected nature of the world has made it possible for the firms to continuously look for better ways of conducting their business. Outsourcing is also considered one such step towards achieving efficiency and reducing costs. Outsourcing is not a recent phenomenon as firms at international and national level often engaged themselves in such activities since long. Some of the reasons for outsourcing include reducing the overall cost of business as well as regaining or developing the competitive advantage by outsourcing those activities which do not fall under the core competencies of the firms. International firms also take advantage of this as they can achieve the economies of scale at relatively rapid rate as well as get the benefit of cost advantage over their competitors. It is however, important to understand that due to out sourcing of the jobs and functions, resources from one country move to another country. It has been politically debated that due to outsourcing, jobs have been relocated to other countries and as such domestic jobs are being relocated to other countries. There is a widespread debate that as a result of outsourcing the overall number of jobs available is reducing as well as they also create skill shortages. The relocation to new jobs therefore not only results into getting low paid jobs but also significantly reduce the overall quality of life of the workers. One of the key reasons as to why I have chosen this topic is the overall magnitude and volume of outsourcing work to other countries. US is probably the largest country which has outsourced many activities to countries which can offer American firms a distinctive competitive advantage. Above all, this topic can also affect the way future dynamics for the employment will shape and might help in determining my own future once I st ep into the practical field. This paper will therefore discuss whether outsourcing work to other countries is a good or bad thing. Competitive Nature of the Business Before discussing different arguments and issues, it is important to discuss and outline the theoretical background of the phenomenon of outsourcing. It is argued that the business in current times is changing very fast and the overall dynamics of doing business have rapidly changed. The way firms compete with each other therefore requires that the management of the firm becomes more pro-active in approach and design and develop strategies which can offer it a consistent and sustainable competitive advantage. There can be different reasons for such increase in capital however, globalization and the resulting opening of the markets for international firms has become one of the key reasons as to why the international and domestic firms have increasingly open to new ideas and strategies. Globalization has also allowed the firms to move beyond their traditional physical boundaries and access the markets which are either more profitable or cost effective. (Schniederjans, Schniederjans, & Schniederjans, 2005). Such nature of markets therefore has made them more competitive. Outsourcing It is important to understand that in order to decide whether a firm should outsource or not should consider its overall goals and objectives of the firm. A critical evolution of the firm’s overall objectives and goals therefore require that the firm must decide in its best interest before going for outsourcing. It is also critical that a firm must get a clear and well-defined insight about its core and non-core competencies because outsourcing of non-core activities of the firm is more dominating. It is important therefore that in order to successfully outsource, the correct identification of the core competencies of the firm is essential and failure to do so may result into spending of firm’s resources on things which can significantly impact the firm. Outsourcing is defined as â€Å"

The Major Negative Effect of the Technological Developments Essay

The Major Negative Effect of the Technological Developments - Essay Example Air pollution also results due to the emissions from motor vehicles and it has been analyzed that the smoke from the motor cars tends to contain small particles. These small particles lay effect on the vasculature of human beings and promote cardiac problems. A study conducted by Dr. Robert Brook and his colleagues at the University of Michigan highlighted this aspect that the traffic smoke was very dangerous for the cardiovascular system. He analyzed that after individuals inhale particles in the smoke of vehicles, they experience a rise in their blood pressure which is accompanied by alterations in their vasculature after a day of the exposure. The heartbeat also increases (Park 2009). Â   Â   Â   Water pollution is also very harmful and it mainly results from the dumping of toxic wastes in the water beyond the limits set by the governments of the areas. In the city of Charleston located in the state of West Virginia in the United States, industries dump their wastes in the water which results in the presence of metals like nickel and lead in the water supply which reaches the houses of the individuals residing in the city. This water pollution can serve to have serious health effects on the individuals who come in contact with this water. This polluted water in Charleston was linked with skin lesions for the people in the city and it was analyzed that their normal functioning of the nervous and renal system may also be compromised. Furthermore, it was highlighted that this water pollution increased the susceptibility for the development of cancer. It is hence very essential that this problem of water pollution should be controlled as almost one out of every 10 Americans has had exposure to contaminated water (Duhigg 2009). Â   Â   Â   The pollution of the soil is also very dangerous. The dumping of chemicals results in polluting the soil which becomes a reservoir for diseases. In the United States, in California as well as Wisconsin, the fertilizers that are used are derived from the excreta of animals. These fertilizers not only contaminate the soil but also infiltrate the underground water.

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay Example for Free

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay KSA requirements  Ã‚   Program Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the program’s conclusion participants should: Knowledge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * be familiar with relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations to ensure customer satisfaction Skill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * have all personal computer skills required to effectively work in the assigned work unit * be able to diffuse a variety of hostile and unpleasant customer situations * be competent in managing staff and the customer service work unit Ability * identify and adapt to different customer communication styles and cultural backgrounds and to recognize and resolve their needs      * adopt excellent time management procedures while adhering to relevant rules, processes and directives * assume effective problem solving procedures Program Agenda    Module and rationale Goals Training Methods 1. Policies and Procedures In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must first be familiar and be able to work within   required polices and procedures. understand and work within the constraints of relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations 1 day workshop PPT., individual, pair and group activities. (Participants will be provided with a folio all documentation for future reference.) 2. Personal Computer Skills In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must be informed and able to use university information systems and databases, together with a number of software applications. obtain a competent working knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets, university information systems and databases, software applications 1 day workshop PPT, hands-on computer tuorial 4 ongoing weekly online tutorials 3. Understanding Customers and their needs Customers possess different styles of behaviour and learning how to adjust to those differing styles improves customer service and communication. understand the process of communication and the cultural differences that prevail, develop skills in overcoming barriers to communication, understand the importance of body language in communication,  ½ day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities  ½ day in the work unit role plays 4. Action Leadership    To be an effective leader,   a CSS needs to develop their own leadership skills and personal authority, as well as investigate tactics for building a strong and supportive team, handle difficult problems competently, and take accountability for end results. understand how to be an effective leader, understand how people are motivated, be better able to use the talents of individual members within the work unit, be able to develop realistic action plans 1 day workshop PPT, individual, pair group activities Take home ‘action plan’ assignment’ 5. Time Management    One of the biggest challenges a CSS has to face is managing their time.   They are often inundated with questions, queries and wants form all sides staff, customers and management.   The ability to identify and focus their attention on the most important tasks is often the difference between a successful or unsuccessful CSS. understand the importance of time in the role of CSS, identify priorities, allocate time between various activities, develop time schedules, deal with the unexpected . 1 day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities 6. Managing Conflict and problem solving    Not all customers are easy to manage and an effective CSS must develop effective conflict management and resolution skills to ensure customer satisfaction. These skills will also carry across to conflict issues within the work unit. understand the approach to problem solving, encourage prompt problem-solving through prompt personal action, evaluate the choices and choose the optimum solutions, understand the principles of negotiation  ½ day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities     ½ day in the work unit role plays       Evaluation    Participants will be given a series of scenarios, and at specific points they will be asked to indicate how they would respond. The scenarios will be realistic, using pictures, sound files, background information and video clips. In this was, a variety of behavioral measures will be gathered in a short period of time, and the process will not be dependent on the subjective judgments of examiners.

Descriptive Research Vs Analytical Research Economics Essay

Descriptive Research Vs Analytical Research Economics Essay Malaysia began develop its construction industry since independence. More than half of capital formation consists of work in construction (Lewis, 1955). Hence, the expansion of capital is a function the rate at which the construction industry can be expanded. This can be seen in the initial economic plan (1956-1960) where it was basically a development expenditure plan. The primary concern was developing infrastructure during independence because of its inadequacy. In order for the nations economy to prosper, the construction industry has to be developed first for the economy to take a one step further (Abdul Razak Bin Ibrahim, 1999). The Malaysian construction industry is generally separated into two areas: General construction It comprises residential construction, non-residential construction and civil engineering construction. Special trade works It comprises activities of metal works, electrical works, plumbing, sewerage and sanitary works, refrigeration and air-conditioning works, painting works, carpentry, tiling and flooring works, glass works and etc. The construction industry makes up an important part of the Malaysian economy due to the amount of industry linked to it such as those for basic metal products and electrical machinery. Hence, the construction industry could be described as a substantial economic driver for Malaysia (Abdul Razak Bin Ibrahim, 1999). According to Productivity Report 2011/2012, analysis of productivity growth over three year intervals (2007-2009 and 2009-2011) showed that Malaysia achieved higher productivity growth during the later period (2.8%) as compared to the earlier period (1.9%). However, over a five year period, the growth was 3.2% as showed in Table 1.1. Figure 1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Employment and Productivity Growth, 2007-2011 Table 1. Productivity and GDP Growth, 2007-2011 Productivity growth of the construction sector grew by 3.1% to RM 24,635 in 2011 from RM 23,898 in 2010 (Figure 1.2). The implementation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in major projects, residential and non-residential sub-sectors contributed to the productivity of the construction sector (Malaysia Productivity Corporation, 2012). Figure 1. Productivity Level and Growth of the Construction Sector, 2007-2011 Through the Productivity Report 2011/2012, it reflects that the construction sector is in a rapid growth phase, having expanded by nearly 19% on an annual basis in the first half of 2012. According to the governments figures, the sector will manage growth of 15.5% in 2012 as a whole, up from 4.6% in 2011. In 2013 it is forecast to grow by a further 11.2%, a projection that is in line with Timetrics forecasts (Richards, 2012). Construction industry plays an important role in generating wealth and improving the quality of life for Malaysian through the translation of governments socio-economic policies into social and economic infrastructure and buildings. The demand for property or housing is increasingly from times to times either due to increase in population, immigration or investment purpose. In order to fulfil the demand, supply of housing or other property has to be increased. Besides, after the announcement regarding My First Home Scheme by the Government in Budget 2011, the desires of the youngsters to own a house are stronger. As the demand is higher, the construction industry has to embark more projects such as residential development to meet the demand. The construction industry creates a multiplier effect to other industries, including manufacturing, financial services, and professional services. In order to run a project, human resources such as labours and the professionals like Quantity Surveyor, Architect, and Engineer are required. Although there is increase in number of human resources, construction productivity is one of the issues to be concerned. Construction labour productivity is often influenced by variations in work conditions and management effectiveness. It is substantially important to understand the nature and extent to which individual parameters affect productivity. Rationale for the Research The construction industry plays a significant role in all developed and developing countries. Due to its critical importance to the profitability of most construction projects, productivity is regarded as one of the most frequently discussed topics in the construction industry (Hancher DE, 1998). Construction productivity is always related to how well, how quickly, and at what cost buildings and infrastructure can be constructed. It will directly affect prices for homes and consumer goods and the robustness of the national economy. Construction productivity will also affect the outcomes of national efforts resources; to develop high-performance green buildings; and to remain competitive in the global market. Construction productivity has been steadily on the decline over the last decade and construction labour efficiency has often been cited as poor (Stokes, 1980). The level of productivity in construction showed a decreasing rate compared to other sectors (Bernstein, 2007). Many studies have attempted to improve construction labour productivity via different ways for examples, studying the factors affecting construction labour productivity, measuring and evaluating labour productivity; modelling construction labour productivity; and comparing labour productivity based on economic considerations or costs. Construction workers are not machines, always behaving the same way under the same conditions. Even under apparently identical work conditions, different productivity values might be obtained. The productivity for the same work item is not constant throughout the construction period, and varies at different stages of the production (Lam, 2001). Variability is shown to be a key factor in the behaviour of construction labour productivity (Thomas Hr, 1999). In addition, the effect of the factors on productivity may vary from task to task. Although some factors could have similar influences on the productivity of a number of tasks, their rate of impact on productivity may be different (Sonmez R, 1998). Labour productivity is said as the factor affecting the construction productivity. In order to further improve construction productivity, continuous efforts have to be put in from times to times to identify the factors affect labour productivity, the effects of poor labour productivity and the ways to improve labour productivity. Are labourers the main cause in affecting construction productivity? Are the factors caused by labourers themselves or their superiors or surrounding environments or other reasons? Have anyone do really put in their efforts to improve the construction labour productivity? How labour productivity affect the entire construction productivity? Queries on construction labour productivity are appearing continuously. Throughout this research, readers should have a depth understanding on construction labour productivity. Aim and Objectives In order to find out the answer of queries on construction labour productivity, the aim for this report is to study the issues on construction labour productivity in Malaysia. This can be achieved by study the objectives below: To investigate the factors affect the construction labour productivity. To identify the consequences caused by construction labour productivity. To recommend ways for improvement on construction labour productivity. Scope and Limitation This research is delimited to construction labour productivity and will focus on Malaysian construction industry. The data for this research will made up of general construction workers, site supervisors, contractors, quantity surveyors and developers mainly in Kuala Lumpur area. Respondents are expected to have varying levels of construction experience, training and knowledge so that a data that closely mirrored the current make-up of the construction workforce can be collected. 100 sets of survey forms will be distributed and 50 sets of survey forms expected to be completed. Chapter Outline This report consists of 5 chapters. There are: Chapter 1: Introduction In this chapter, roles of construction industry towards economics and construction productivity will be described. Besides, in this chapter, aim and objectives will be discussed as well as overview of current construction labour productivity. Chapter 2: Literature Review The literature on the performance approach will be reviewed in this chapter. It will illustrate existing literature and research work related to construction labour productivity. Definition of labour productivity, factors affect labour productivity, its effects and solutions will be described. Chapter 3: Research Methodology In this chapter, introduction and definition of research, type of research, data collection methods, research design and data analysis method will be discussed in order to achieve the aim and objectives of this study. Chapter 4: Findings and Discussions Results from survey questionnaires will be analyzed and discussed in this chapter. The survey questionnaire is aimed to obtain labour, consultants, contractors and developers or clients view of opinion on construction labour productivity in Malaysian construction industry. In addition, personal interview will be conducted to obtain more information on construction labour productivity. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter will outline the research findings, summary of this study, and recommendations for future study. Literature Review Research Methodology Introduction Based on Oxford Dictionaries, research is defined as a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (Oxford Dictionaries). The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English defines the meaning of research as a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge (The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English, 1952). Redman and Mory had defined research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge (Mory, 1923). In this chapter, types of research, data collection methods, research design and data analysis will be discussed. The research method for this study to achieve the aim and objectives will be described in this chapter. Types of Research Generally, the basic types of research are as follow: Applied/ Action Research vs Fundamental Research Descriptive Research vs Analytical Research Quantitative Research vs Qualitative Research Conceptual Research vs Empirical Research Applied/ Action Research vs Fundamental Research Applied or action research is carried out to find solution to solve problems facing by a society or a business or industrial organisation. However, fundamental research which is also known as basic or pure research is mainly concern on gathering of knowledge for knowledges sake without any intention to apply it in practice. Descriptive Research vs Analytical Research Descriptive research is a surveys and fact-finding investigation. It is aims to describe the characteristics of individual, situation or a group or the state of affairs as it exists at present. Researcher has no control over the variables and researcher has to report the actual conditions. On the other hand, analytical research is a critical evaluation based on information that is available and primarily concerned with testing hypothesis; specifying and interpreting relationships by analyze the facts or existing information. Quantitative Research vs Qualitative Research Quantitative research is objective in nature. It is defined as an inquiry into a social or human problem, based on testing a hypothesis or a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analysed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the hypothesis or the theory hold true (Creswell, 1994). Quantitative data are hard and reliable; they are measurements of tangible, countable, sensate features of the world (Bouma and Atkinson, 1995). In short, quantitative research is measuring the quantity or amount of particular phenomena by the use of statistical analysis. On the other hand, qualitative research is subjective in nature. It is a non-quantitative type of analysis which is aimed at finding out the quality of a particular phenomenon. It emphasises meanings, experiences, description and etc (Naoum, 1998). Conceptual Research vs Empirical Research Conceptual research is related to some abstract ideas or theories. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones, whereas, empirical research relies on experience or observation alone. Empirical research is aimed at coming up with conclusions without due regard for system and theory. Empirical research is appropriate when proof is sought that certain variables affect other variables in some way. Data Collection Statistical tools are used to transform data into useful information. However, data must be available before the decision maker can use the statistical tools. Data are available from many sources, both within the company or site. There are several ways of collecting appropriate data which differ considerably in context of money costs, time and other resources at the disposal of the researcher. The sources of data collection can be categorized into primary data and secondary data. Primary data refers to the raw data that collected through experiments or questionnaire surveys, where secondary data refers to the data obtained from site daily, progress report, progress payment, national productivity statistics. The major advantage of primary data is accuracy of data because it is collected by the researcher but it is costly and time consuming. Secondary data is quicker and cheaper as compared to primary data but the data may not meet the specific needs. If the researcher conducts an experiment, he can observes some quantitative measurements or data with the help of the truth in hypothesis that has made earlier. However in the case of survey, data can be collected through observation, personal interview, telephone interview, survey questionnaire or case studies. Observation is the simple way to gather data without interviewing respondents. The information obtained relates to current condition and is not complicated by either past behaviour or future intentions or attitudes of respondents. Undeniable, this method can obtain accurate information but it is time consuming, costly, and sometimes, people reluctant to cooperate. During personal interview, interviewer follows a rigid procedure and seeks answers to a set of pre-conceived questions through personal interviews. The data obtained through personal interview is usually carried out in a structured way where output depends upon the ability of the interviewer to a large extent. Telephone interview can obtain data rapidly with relatively low cost compared to others and do not require travelling for face-to-face contact. It can reach wide range of respondents. However, as this method is carried out through telephone, the respondents might not will to share opinions with strangers or they may tell lie. Thus, this is not suitable for long survey as respondents might feel annoying and difficult to prove the validity of survey. Survey questionnaire can be posted to the respondents together with self-stamped answer sheets or via on-line survey. This method is widely used. This the cheapest way to obtain data and can reach respondents working outstation. The survey question can be set up to 5 pages. However, the cons are that the rate of response is low, answers may be biased and respondents take longer time to respond. For case studies, cross comparison of cases have to be done in order to have fully understanding on clients experiences in a program. It fully depicts clients experience in program input, process and results. It is powerful means to portray program to outsiders. However, it is time consuming either to collect, organize or describe. It represents depth of information rather than breadth. In short, there are different types of method to collect data with their own pros and cons. Time, cost and accuracy are the main constrains to choose an appropriate data collection method. Few data collection methods can be chosen at the same time to obtain maximum accuracy. Research Design Data Analysis Conclusion